The fourth edition of NEW SPACE ESPAÑA brought together more than 280 professionals and 130 organisations linked to the Spanish space industry on 24 and 25 September. Vigo once again became the meeting point to discuss the challenges that will shape the sector’s evolution. Strategic sovereignty, technological autonomy, the connection between research and industry, public-private collaboration, industrial capabilities in a dual-use environment, and security and defence challenges were central to a programme that gathered companies, public administrations, agencies, technology centres and universities.